Abstract OBJECTIVE: To identify the causes of nonimmune fetal hydrops fetalis in an obstetric referral hospital in Western Mexico. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Case series study, with non-probabilistic sampling by convenience, carried out from October 2014 to September 2015 which included patients (between 15 and 38 weeks of pregnancy), of legal age (in cases of minors, informed consent was requested from parents or guardians), with a diagnosis of fetal hydrops fetalis by obstetric ultrasound. For statistical analysis, an Excel database was generated and descriptive statistics were applied. RESULTS: Thirty-three pregnant women were included, in whom non-immune fetal hydrops fetalis was the most frequent (94%) and idiopathic was the most common cause (n = 10), followed by inborn errors of metabolism, chromosomal and cardiac alterations (n = 6 each). This was followed by hematologic (n = 4), lymphatic and syndromic causes (n = 3 each), and infectious and tumor causes (n = 1 each). In this study, inborn errors of metabolism (specifically Sly syndrome) had a higher frequency than that reported in the literature. CONCLUSIONS: Inborn errors of metabolism, chromosomal and cardiac abnormalities were the second most frequent cause of nonimmune fetal hydrops. It is suggested that metabolic causes be taken into account in the diagnostic approach to fetal hydrops, especially for the establishment of early treatment.

Resumen OBJETIVO: Identificar las causas de hidrops fetal no inmunitario en un hospital obstétrico de referencia del Occidente de México. MATERIALES Y MÉTODOS: Estudio de serie de casos, con un muestreo no probabilístico por conveniencia, llevado a cabo de octubre de 2014 a septiembre de 2015 al que se incluyeron pacientes (entre las 15 y 38 semanas de embarazo), mayores de edad (en casos de menores de edad se solicitó consentimiento informado a los padres o tutores), con diagnóstico de hidrops fetal por ultrasonido obstétrico. Para el análisis estadístico se generó una base de datos en Excel y se aplicó estadística descriptiva. RESULTADOS: Se reunieron 33 embarazadas en quienes el hidrops fetal no inmunitario fue el más frecuente (n = 31) y la causa idiopática más común (n = 10) seguida por errores innatos del metabolismo, alteraciones cromosómicas y cardiacas (n = 6 de cada una). Posteriormente, las causas hematológicas (n = 4), linfáticas y sindrómicas (n = 3 de cada una), y las infecciosas y tumorales (n = 1 de cada una). En este estudio los errores innatos del metabolismo (específicamente síndrome Sly) tuvieron una frecuencia superior a la referida en la bibliografía. CONCLUSIONES: Los errores innatos del metabolismo, las anomalías cromosómicas y cardiacas fueron la segunda causa más frecuente de hidrops fetal no inmunitario. Se sugiere tener en cuenta las causas metabólicas en el enfoque diagnóstico del hidrops fetal, sobre todo para el establecimiento del tratamiento temprano.

RESUMO Objetivo: A manufatura lean pode ser uma importante aliada das empresas para aumentar a competitividade das mesmas, visto que ela pode dar suporte para as empresas para eliminar desperdícios e melhorar continuamente seus processos. Nesse contexto, o objetivo principal deste estudo foi analisar as dificuldades observadas por funcionários de nível operacional de empresas de autopeças durante o treinamento de ferramentas lean. Projeto / metodologia / abordagem: Por meio de um painel de especialistas, 18 ferramentas de jornada lean foram identificadas e utilizadas para estruturar um questionário. Uma survey foi realizada com 77 profissionais experientes em treinamento lean. A análise dos dados foi feita por meio da estatística descritiva e da técnica TOPSIS. Resultados: Em geral, os funcionários de nível operacional apresentaram dificuldades para entender os conceitos de todas as ferramentas analisadas. Comparativamente, Liderança Lean e Gerenciamento de Restrições foram os mais difíceis para eles. Originalidade / valor: Os resultados aqui apresentados podem ser usados por líderes para fornecer treinamento lean e por acadêmicos em estudos futuros.

ABSTRACT Purpose: The lean manufacturing can be an important ally of companies to enhance their competitiveness, since it can support companies to eliminate wastes and continuously improve their processes. In this context, the main purpose of this study was to analyze difficulties observed by operational level employees of auto parts companies during lean tools training. Design/methodology/approach: A panel of specialists indicated 18 tools required for lean journey training. These tools were used to structure a questionnaire to perform a survey. The survey was conducted with 77 lean training experienced professionals from two auto parts companies. Data collected was analyzed through descriptive statistics and Technique for Order of Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS), to rank the tools according to the difficulty levels observed by the respondents. Findings: In general, operational level employees presented difficulties to understand the concepts of all analyzed tools. Comparatively, Lean Leadership and Constraints Management were those most difficult for them. Originality/value: The results present here can be used by leaders for providing lean training and for academics in futures studies.

Abstract: BACKGROUND: The main risk factor for placental accretion is the presence of placenta previa with a history of previous caesarean section; twin pregnancy is associated with a higher probability of PP. Pregnancies conceived with assisted reproduction techniques, especially through in vitro fertilization, are more probability to develop accretism; the proportion of multiple pregnancy has increased due to ART. Ultrasonography has a sensitivity of 91% and specificity 97% to diagnose placental accretion. Accreted placenta is less likely to be prenatal detected in twins. OBJECTIVE: To report the first case of twin pregnancy complicated with accreted placenta with successful management, in Mexican literature. CLINICAL CASE: A 20-year-old patient, with 2 previous cesarean sections, with a bicorial twin pregnancy. At 36 weeks, the ultrasound showed two placentas, one anterior with ultrasound data of placenta increta / percreta. A planned caesarean hysterectomy was performed leaving both placentas in situ, the two hypogastric arteries were ligated, a bleeding of 1200mL was estimated, no hemotransfusion was required. She was discharged on the third postoperative day, without complications. The histopathology reported placenta increta. CONCLUSIONS: The high morbidity related to a twin pregnancy associated with placental accretion reported in published cases, requires a careful diagnosis, to detect morbid adherence, especially if there are risk factors, and thus prepare for the termination of pregnancy to reduce complications.

Resumen: ANTECEDENTES: El principal factor de riesgo de acretismo placentario es la placenta previa, con antecedente de cesárea anterior. El embarazo gemelar se asocia con alta probabilidad de placenta previa. Los embarazos logrados con técnicas de reproducción asistida, sobre todo mediante fertilización in vitro, tienen mayor probabilidad de acretismo. La sensibilidad de la ecografía es de 91% y especificidad de 97% para el diagnóstico de acretismo placentario, y un poco menor en el embarazo gemelar. OBJETIVO: Informar el primer caso de embarazo gemelar complicado con placenta acreta con desenlace exitoso y revisar la bibliografía mexicana. CASO CLÍNICO: Paciente de 20 años, con embarazo gemelar bicorial y antecedente de dos cesáreas. La ecografía de las 36 semanas evidenció dos placentas: una de ellas anterior, con datos de placenta increta-percreta. Se decidió la histerectomía obstétrica y ambas placentas se dejaron in situ y se ligaron las dos arterias hipogástricas. El sangrado se estimó en 1200 mL y no se requirió hemotransfusión. La paciente se dio de alta del hospital al tercer día del posoperatorio, sin complicaciones. El reporte histopatológico fue: placenta increta. CONCLUSIONES: La elevada morbilidad relacionada con el embarazo gemelar y el acretismo placentario hace indispensable que el establecimiento del diagnóstico sea minucioso para que permita detectar la adhesión mórbida, sobre todo si existen factores de riesgo y poder interrumpir a tiempo el embarazo y evitar las complicaciones.

ABSTRACT: The blue corn grain contains anthocyanins that give it its exotic color, it is appreciated in traditional Mexican gastronomy, it is currently considered a functional food for its contributions to human health, and its production is insufficient to supply the market. One option to increase its availability is to develop hybrids with high yield and pigment content. The objective of the present work was to examine the relationships between dimensions, color coordinates, and anthocyanin content in seeds of blue corn parental lines and their simple and trilinear crosses. Seeds of the experimental trilinear blue maize hybrid GIIM AZUL 10E and its parents (CEVAMEX - INIFAP, Mexico) were used. A completely randomized design with four replications (25 seeds) was used. Seed dimensions, anthocyanin content, and color coordinates (L*, a*, b*, c, h) were evaluated. The results were subjected to analysis of variance, means comparison (Tukey, P ≤ 0.05), linear correlation test, and multiple regression test. The experiments were carried out at UPIBI - IPN (Mexico City). It was obtained that the seeds of the parental lines, in comparison with the crosses, showed smaller dimensions, their blue color was more luminous, of lower purity (grayish) and with scarce saturation (little vivid) and their anthocyanin content was higher. Correlation and regression values indicated that anthocyanin content was inversely associated with seed dimensions and directly with low saturated blue color and reduced luminosity. The variables with the greatest contribution to the level of anthocyanins were, negatively, seed weight and saturation, and, positively, color purity.

RESUMEN: El grano de maíz azul contiene antocianinas que le confieren su color exótico y es apreciado en la cocina mexicana tradicional. Actualmente se considera un alimento funcional por sus aportaciones a la salud humana pero su producción es insuficiente para abastecer el mercado. Una opción para incrementar su disponibilidad es desarrollar híbridos con rendimiento y contenido del pigmento elevados. El objetivo de este trabajo fue examinar las relaciones entre las dimensiones, las coordenadas del color y el contenido de antocianinas en semillas de líneas parentales de maíz azul y en sus cruzas simple y trilineal. Se utilizaron semillas del híbrido trilineal experimental de maíz azul GIIM AZUL 10E y de sus progenitores (CEVAMEX - INIFAP, México). Se empleó un diseño completamente al azar con cuatro repeticiones (25 semillas). Se evaluaron las dimensiones de las semillas, el contenido de antocianinas y las coordenadas del color (L*, a*, b*, c y h). Los resultados se sometieron a análisis de varianza, comparación de medias (Tukey, P ≤ 0,05), pruebas de correlación lineal y de regresión múltiple. Los experimentos se realizaron en la UPIBI - IPN (Ciudad de México). Se observó que las semillas de las líneas parentales, en comparación con las cruzas, mostraron dimensiones menores, su color azul fue más luminoso, de menor pureza (grisáceo) y con saturación escasa (poco vivido), y su contenido de antocianinas resultó mayor. Los valores de correlación y de regresión indicaron que el contenido de antocianinas se asoció inversamente con las dimensiones de las semillas y, directamente, con el color azul poco saturado y de luminosidad reducida. Las variables con mayor contribución a la cantidad de antocianinas fueron, negativamente, el peso de semilla y la saturación, y, de manera positiva, la pureza del color.

ABSTRACT The shortage of water and the increasing salinity are the main limiting environmental factors that directly affect the establishment and the development of crops. In this research, phytodesalination capacity of Sesuvium verrucosum was evaluated alone and in combination with agricultural gypsum (CaSO4·2H2O) and Polisul-C, in order to remedy a moderately saline soil at greenhouse level and under nonleaching conditions. The treatments studied were the following: T1 (soil), T2 (soil + S. verrucosum), T3 (soil +S. verrucosum + Polisul-C), T4 (soil + S. verrucosum + CaSO4·2H2O). Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) tubes filled with 8 kg of clay soil with an electrical conductivity of the saturation paste extract (ECe) of6.21 dS.m-1 were used. Soil samples were analyzed to determine the ECe, and the soluble and interchangeable cations (Na+, K+, Ca2+ and Mg2+) content. Then, the halophytic plants were divided into root and aerial parts and the content of Na+, K+, Ca2+ and Mg2+ was determined. In summary, S. verrucosum showed potential to desalinate its rhizosphere. Moreover, S. verrucosum desalination capacity significantly increases when used in combination with either of the tested amendments. This increase occurred mainly in the upper layers of the clay soil (0-30 cm). CaSO4·2H2O was shown to be the most effective amendment, since a greater gain in biomass and a large accumulation of sodium (Na+) in the aerial part of S. verrucosum was observed as a consequence of the soil improved physico-chemical properties caused by this chemical.

Abstract The wilting of tomato (Fusarium oxysporum) promotes the excessive use of synthetic fungicides, which are not economically or environmentally viable. This work proposes the use of Methylobacterium extorquens to determine its effect on plant development and the signaling pathway, for the defense of tomato plants, against phytopathogens. From tomato seeds var. SUN 7705 embedded and plants sprinkled with the bacteria at a concentration of 109 CFU mL-1, were challenged to the plant with the fungus in two tests. Variables of root length in seedlings, plant height, leaf amplitude, yield, total dry weight of the plant and dry root weight were measured. A completely randomized design with six treatments and four repetitions was used, two plants formed the experimental unit. Likewise, an essay was carried out on the expression of defense genes, in tomato seedlings of the same variety. Significant statistical differences (p≤ 0.05) were found between treatments embedded and sprinkled with M. extorquens and the treatments inoculated with F. oxysporum and the controls, reflecting in the seedling root length, plant height, leaf amplitude, dry weight of the plant and the root, as well as in the yield. However, the genes encoding the phenylalanine ammonium lyase (PAL), protein (PR-6), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and lipoxygenase (LOX) enzyme group, were not significantly expressed in seedlings treated with M. extorquens.

Resumen La marchitez del tomate (Fusarium oxysporum) promueve el uso desmedido de fungicidas sintéticos, que no son económica ni ambientalmente viables. Este trabajo plantea el uso de Methylobacterium extorquens para determinar su efecto sobre el desarrollo vegetal y la vía de señalización, para la defensa de plantas de jitomate, contra fitopatógenos. A partir, de semillas de tomate var. SUN 7705 embebidas y plantas asperjadas con la bacteria a una concentración de 109 UFC mL-1, se retó a la planta con el hongo en dos ensayos. Se midieron variables de longitud de raíz en plántulas, altura de la planta, amplitud foliar, rendimiento, peso seco total de la planta y peso seco de la raíz. Se utilizó un diseño completamente al azar con seis tratamientos y cuatro repeticiones, dos plantas formaron la unidad experimental. Asimismo, se realizó un ensayo sobre la expresión de genes de defensa, en plántulas de tomate de la misma variedad. Se encontraron diferencias estadísticas significativas (p≤ 0.05) entre tratamientos embebidos y asperjados con M. extorquens y los tratamientos inoculados con F. oxysporum y los controles, reflejándose en la longitud de raíz de plántulas, altura de la planta, amplitud foliar, peso seco de la planta y de la raíz, así como en el rendimiento. Sin embargo, los genes que codifican para el grupo enzimático fenilalanina amonio liasa (PAL), proteínas (PR-6), superóxido dismutasa (SOD) y lipoxigenasa (LOX), no se expresaron significativamente en las plántulas tratadas con M. extorquens.

ABSTRACT This work aims to evaluate different routes of raw material production to be used in thixoforming process. The semisolid materials exhibit particular structural characteristics, such the characteristic non dendritic structure. The studies for the production of near-net-shape parts have progressed together with the studies of material weight reduction on the automobile industries production lines. In general the advantages are energy saving, manufacturing steps reduction, productivity and quality increasing. Five processing routes have been investigated (conventional casting, electromagnetic stirring, grain refinement technique and different cooling rates) through microstructural characterizations, conventional metallographic and colour metallography. The material used in this study was the A356 alloy (commercial) having a hypoeutectic structure and grain size of about 750 μm and primary dendrite arm spacing size of around 80 μm, the combination of electromagnetic stirring + grain refining + high cooling rate provided the best route processing to obtain a refined structure, with grain sizes of around 240 μm, being feasible at the thixoforming process. Note also that using conventional metallography (black and white) all routes tested showed almost the same primary dendrite arm spacing size values ie had identical characteristics. Importantly, only with the characterization via polarized colour metallography is that was achieved in fact the best processing route definition.

Abstract This research aimed to evaluate the impact on innovation adoption and profitability of production units (UP), with the model Groups Cattlemen Validation and Technology Transfer (GGAVATT) and calculating statistical indicators of the network of cattle producers milk Cienega Chapala region, Michoacan, and contributing to the development and strengthening of technological capabilities in producers cooperating milk with GGAVATT, with an area of influence in the District Rural development (DDR) 089 Sahuayo, in 2012 and 2013. A network of 81 nodes were mapped and evidence that the technological level or rate of adoption of innovations (INAI) are adopted from 8.04 to 12.50 innovations found. For network indicators: degree of input, output, proximity and density of the network, showed significant differences (p< 0.05). The evidence found indicates that GGAVATT have contributed to the development of technological capabilities of agro-entrepreneurs cooperating; however, the impact on the adoption of innovations and profitability of UP is little or no, longer intervention of technicians is required for benefits to be noticeable.

Resumen La presente investigación tuvo como objetivo evaluar el impacto en la adopción de innovaciones y rentabilidad de las unidades de producción (UP), con el modelo Grupos Ganaderos de Validación y Transferencia de Tecnología (GGAVATT) y calcular los indicadores estadísticos de la red de productores bovinos leche de la región Ciénega de Chapala, Michoacán, y la contribución al desarrollo y fortalecimiento de capacidades tecnológicas en productores de leche cooperantes con los GGAVATT, con área de influencia en el Distrito de Desarrollo Rural (DDR) 089 Sahuayo, en 2012 y 2013. Se mapeó una red de 81 nodos y se encontró evidencia de que el nivel tecnológico o índice de adopción de innovaciones (INAI) se adoptan de 8.04 a 12.50 innovaciones. Para los indicadores de redes: grados de entrada, salida, cercanía y densidad de la red, mostraron diferencias significativas (p< 0.05). Las evidencias encontradas indican que los GGAVATT han contribuido al desarrollo de capacidades tecnológicas de los agro-empresarios cooperantes; sin embargo, el impacto en la adopción de innovaciones y rentabilidad de las UP es escaso o nulo, se requiere mayor tiempo de intervención de los técnicos para que los beneficios sean perceptibles.

Abstract: The pez diablo (Plecostomus spp.) is considered as invasive specie in El Infiernillo reservoir. To control fish population alternatives have been studied; one of these options is the use of the fish meal as organic fertilizer. The interaction between the size of particle and anticipated application before sowing for greenhouse zucchini production was evaluated during the months of March to July, 2008, in Jiquilpan, Michoacan. A factorial design was used with random distribution of fifteen treatments according to the interaction of these two factors, and the control treatment fertilized with 100% nitrogen using urea base. The analyzed response variables were percent germination, number of leaves, plant fresh weight, yield and fruit diameter and length. There was no difference in seed germination between the control and the organic fertilizer treatment using different particle sizes, but with application of fish meal 56 days before seedtime, germination was statistically higher 23.5% (P ≤ 0.05) than application 28 and zero days before sowing. Leaf number in the check treatment was statistically equal to that in most of the fish meal treatments and higher in the treatments with particle sizes between 0.84-1.19 and 0.5-0.84 mm. There was no statistical difference in fresh weight (P = 0.167) between the control (395 g) and the plants fertilized fish meal of different particle sizes (359 g) when fish meal was applied at seedtime (426.9 g). Among the fish meal fertilizer treatments plants fertilized 28 days before seeding (322 g) statistical differences were found. The plants fertilized with the organic fertilizer using different particle sizes and time of application, compared with chemical fertilization, registered high fruit yield in the first 18 days, but the yields were similar at the end of the crop cycle.

Resumen: El pez diablo (Plecostomus spp.) es considerado una especie invasiva en la presa El Infiernillo. Para disminuir su población se buscan alternativas de aprovechamiento, y una es su uso como harina para la obtención de abono orgánico. Se evaluó la interacción entre el tamaño de partícula y su aplicación en pre-siembra para la producción de calabacita en invernadero, de marzo a julio de 2008 en Jiquilpan, Michoacán. Se utilizó un diseño factorial con arreglo combinatorio y una distribución completamente al azar, con quince tratamientos, conformados por la interacción de ambos factores y un testigo fertilizado con 100% de nitrógeno a base de urea. Las variables de respuesta analizadas fueron: porcentaje de germinación, número de hojas, peso fresco de la planta, producción, longitud y diámetro del fruto. No hubo diferencias significativas en el porcentaje de germinación de la semilla, entre el testigo y la aplicación de abono orgánico con diferente tamaño de partícula, aunque la aplicación de la harina de pescado 56 días antes de la siembra, fue estadísticamente superior 23.5% (P ≤ 0.05), comparado con la aplicación a los 28 y cero días. El número de hojas en el testigo, fue estadísticamente igual que en la mayoría de los tratamientos con harina de pescado, y mayor que en los tamaños de partícula entre 0.84-1.19 y 0.5-0.84 mm. No se observó diferencia estadística significativa en peso fresco (P = 0.167), entre el testigo (395 g) y las plantas abonadas con diferente tamaño de partícula (359 g) y en las que se aplicó la harina de pescado al momento de la siembra (426.9 g), pero en estas últimas si hubo diferencias estadísticas con las abonadas 28 días antes de sembrar (322 g). Las plantas abonadas orgánicamente con diferentes tamaños de partícula y tiempos de aplicación, comparado con la fertilización química, registraron un mayor rendimiento de fruto en los primeros 18 días de cosecha; sin embargo, los rendimientos fueron estadísticamente iguales al final del ciclo de cultivo.

Para conocer la incidencia de plagas en injertos de jitomate sobre parientes silvestres, muestreos semanales del 17 de Noviembre de 2007 al 16 de Febrero de 2008 fueron implementados en Ciudad Morelos, Municipio de Paracuaro, Michoacán, México. Se conformaron 13 tratamientos: seis ecotipos silvestres de Solanum lycopersicum var. cerasiforme (“tinguaraque”), seis injertos de jitomate cv Toro® en tinguaraque y un testigo (cv Toro®). Las principales especies de insectos registradas fueron Bemisia tabaci, Bactericera cockerelliy Aphis gossypii. Los tinguaraques de fruto pequeño (1,05-1,22 x 1,10-1,25 cm de diámetro polar y ecuatorial) mostraron menor incidencia de insectos que los tinguaraques de fruto grande (2,12-2,23 cm de diámetro polar x 2,41-2,55 cm de diámetro ecuatorial) y el jitomate cv Toro. La resistencia a plagas también se manifestó en los injertos, en donde la incidencia de insectos fue desde 1,7 hasta tres veces menor que en jitomate; así, el injerto Grande Apatzingán (GAp) fue resistente a B. tabaci (5.87 ± 4.61), adultos de B. cockerelli (1,37 ± 1,18) y A. gossypii (1,5 ± 1,2). En jitomate, la incidencia de esos insectos fue de 9,74 ± 8,52, 2,26 ± 1,99 y 4,8 ± 5,2, respectivamente. Los resultados sugieren que la técnica de injerto sobre parientes silvestres tiene potencial en programas de manejo integrado de plagas del jitomate.

To understand the incidence of pests in tomato grafts on relative wilds, weekly samplings were implemented from November 17, 2007 to February 16, 2008 in Ciudad Morelos, municipality of Paracuaro, Michoacán, México. Thirteen treatments were established: six wild ecotypes of Solanum lycopersicum var. cerasiforme (“tinguaraque”), six grafts of the tomato cv Toro® onto tinguaraques, and one control (cv Toro®). The main species of insects reported were Bemisia tabaci, Bactericera cockerelliand Aphis gossypii. Small fruit tinguaraques (1.05-1.22 x 1.10-1.25 cm polar and equatorial diameter) had a lower incidence of insects than big fruit tinguaraques (2.12-2.23 x 2.41-2.55 cm polar and equatorial diameter) and the tomato cv Toro. Pest resistance was also manifested in the grafts, where the incidence of insects was from 1.7 to three times lower than in tomato; grafts on Grande Apatzingan (GAp) were resistant to B. tabaci (5.87 ± 4.61), adult B. cockerelli (1.37 ± 1.18) and A. gossypii (1.5 ± 1.2). In tomato, the incidence of those insects was 9.74 ± 8.52, 2.26 ± 1.99 and 4.8 ± 5.2, respectively. The results suggest that the technique of grafting onto wild relatives has potential in programs of integrated management of tomato pests.

Sarcoma granulocítico é tumor sólido, constituído por células precursoras de granulócitos, localizado em sítio extra medular. Geralmente surge precedendo uma leucemia mielóide aguda ou concomitantemente a ela, sendo considerado fator de mau prognóstico. Tem como principais modalidades terapêuticas a radioterapia e a quimioterapia. Um caso de sarcoma granulocítico intracraniano ocorrido seis meses após transplante de medula óssea por leucemia mielóide aguda é relatado. A paciente apresentava cefaléia e hemiplegia esquerda, causada por extensa lesão fronto-parietal direita. Após a ressecção completa do tumor, houve total recuperação do déficit neurológico. A paciente completou o tratamento radio e quimioterápico, estando livre de doença após três meses de acompanhamento. O manejo cirúrgico do sarcoma granulocítico é modalidade adjuvante, indicada quando o efeito compressivo tumoral determina déficit neurológico. É o meio mais rápido de descompressão do tecido nervoso, possibilitando a chance de recuperação funcional, melhorando a qualidade de vida do paciente.

Granulocytic sarcoma is a solid tumor, composed by granulocytic precursor cells at various levels of differentiation, located at an extra-medullary site. It is associated with acute myeloid leukemia, and its presence reveals a bad prognostic factor. The treatment usually consists of radiotherapy and chemotherapy. A case of an intracranial granulocytic sarcoma occurring six months after a bone marrow transplant in a patient with acute myeloid leukemia is reported. The patient presented with headache and left hemiplegia caused by a large fronto-parietal lesion with significant mass effect. After a complete surgical resection there was a full recovery of the deficit. The patient completed radiotherapy and chemotherapy with no evidence of disease after three months of follow-up. Surgery is indicated in the presence of progressive neurological deficit. Surgical decompression may provide rapid improvement and therefore, affect quality of survival.

Os gangliogliomas são tumores raros do SNC, compreendendo apenas 2,7 a 3,8% dos tumores primários do SNC e as lesões medulares perfazem 7,6 a 14,3 % do total de gangliogliomas. O tratamento preconizado pela literatura é a ressecção total, ficando a radioterapia reservada apenas em casos de progressão da doença após a cirurgia ou em casos de lesões de comportamento histológico mais agressivo. Neste artigo relatamos um caso de uma paciente portadora de um ganglioglioma medular envolvendo os níveis T5 a T10 que foi submetida a tratamento cirúrgico em nosso serviço, sendo também realizada revisão da literatura analisando diversos aspectos, incluindo as diversas modalidades de tratamento indicadas neste tipo incomum de lesão.

Gangliogliomas are rare tumors of the CNS, representing only 2.7-3.8% of primary tumors of the CNS, and the intramedullary location accounts 7.6-14.3% of cases. The main goal of treatment is the total resection, preserving as much as possible the patient´s neurological function. Adjuvant theraphy as radiotherapy is reserved to cases of progression of disease after surgery or in such lesion with more aggressive biological behavior. In this article we report the case of a patient with a intramedullary ganglioglioma involving spinal levels T5 to T10, who was operated in our service, and we review the literature analyzing various aspects, including the modalities of treatment which can be used in this kind of lesion.